An Overview of Micro-Hydropower Technologies and Design Characteristics of Waterwheel Systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
In recent years, the global warming and efficient usage of energy sources are become most attractive issues. Furthermore, renewable energy technologies play an important role in addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Among the renewable energy technologies, hydropower is considered to be the most advanced and mature, providing some level of electricity generation in more than 160 countries worldwide. Micro-hydropower plant is in the category of small-scale hydropower projects, and it provides an affordable, reliable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally energy alternative for rural area. In this article, micro-hydropower technologies, design and performance characteristics, power losses, mechanical powers and efficiencies for the waterwheel systems such as breastshot, overshot and undershot are reviewed in detail and compared each other. In addition, the development of worldwide hydropower capacity is discussed, and the top countries in terms of total installed capacity are reported and investigated.
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